How LTV and CAC are calculated
- Lifetime value
(revenue per customer × gross margin) ÷ monthly churn- CAC
sales + marketing spend ÷ new customers won- LTV : CAC
lifetime value ÷ CAC- CAC payback
CAC ÷ (revenue per customer × gross margin)
What is a good LTV to CAC ratio?
The usual rule of thumb is 3 : 1 or better: each customer earns three times what it cost to win them. Below 1 : 1 you lose money on every customer. Between 1 and 3, growth works but is expensive.
Well above 5 : 1 sounds great, but often means you could spend more on acquisition and grow faster without hurting the economics.
Why use gross margin, not revenue?
A customer paying you $100 a month who costs $30 to serve only gives you $70 to pay back what you spent acquiring them. Using revenue instead of gross profit overstates lifetime value, sometimes by a lot.
What is a good CAC payback period?
Under 12 months is generally considered strong for small-business SaaS. Bootstrapped companies usually need shorter payback than funded ones, because the cash spent on acquisition has to come back before it can be spent again.
An early-stage caveat
With only a few months of data, churn is noisy, and lifetime value is just 1 ÷ churn, so small changes swing it a lot. Treat early LTV as a range and watch CAC payback, which needs no churn estimate at all.